Supercharging a car engine involves forcing more air into the combustion chamber, which enhances combustion and increases engine power. Superchargers have been around for much longer than the automotive internal combustion engine. The supercharged engine was first built in 1878 but was later used in airplanes in 1910. The main aim was to compensate for the power losses at high altitudes. However automotive superchargers would not become available until 1923 first used in Mercedes cars. Since then, they have evolved from the less efficient blower style to the more sophisticated twin screw and centrifugal supercharger used in modern automobiles.
In the modern era, supercharged production has become less common in favor of turbocharged cars. Having said that, it remains a very effective way of making power without having a bigger engine. Just like turbos, superchargers can also be applied on almost any configuration from inline-four cylinders to big V-12 engines. In this article, we will look at the advantages of having a supercharged car, how they work and the types of superchargers available.
A supercharger works in tandem with the engine, unlike a turbo which is driven by exhaust gases. Supercharges are mechanically driven by a belt connected to the crankshaft, this means they come on as soon as the engine starts. Once on, it forces cold air from the environment air into the engine which is used to create more power. Just like turbos, superchargers work more effectively when the air is cooler.
There Are Three Types of Superchargers:
- Roots
- Twin screws
- Centrifugal
Roots Superchargers
This is the oldest supercharger design with rotors inside that just trap air and send it directly into the engine. The pressure is determined by the amount of air being moved into the intake manifold. It is the least efficient form of supercharging and is the least favorable design. The roots superchargers are big, and bulky and stick well above the hood, they are mainly employed on old muscle cars and drag cars.
Twin Screw Superchargers
This is the most common style of supercharger used in production cars like Hellcats, Mustangs and Camaros. These also have twin rotors that have a screw-like design meshed together. The air is compressed inside the rotor housing and sent through a smaller intake tube into the engine. This style of supercharging is more efficient and widely used among OEMs. It also creates a distinct whine which can be heard from inside and outside the car.
Centrifugal Superchargers
This is the most efficient form of supercharging and looks very similar to a turbocharger. It works by powering an impeller which is smaller than a rotor and spins much faster. Impeller speeds can reach up to 60,000 RPM which is much faster than the engine speed which means it allows for much more airflow into the engine making much more power.
Here Are the Benefits of Supercharging A Car Engine:
Increased Horsepower and Torque
Supercharging significantly boosts the engine’s power output. The forced induction of air allows for more fuel to be burned, resulting in higher horsepower and torque. Supercharging is an easy and cost-effective way to get more power from your vehicle. Adding one would give you an average power and torque increase of up to 45 percent from the standard engine configuration. Since most of them are already made with a particular engine specification in mind, they come complete with supporting accessories to make the installation easier. The biggest advantage of this application is a healthy increase in torque compared to an engine with similar horsepower.
Improved Performance
Supercharged engines offer improved acceleration and overall performance. The additional power can lead to faster 0-60 mph times and quicker response to throttle input.
Better High-Altitude Performance
At higher altitudes where the air is less dense, naturally aspirated engines tend to lose power. Supercharged engines, however, maintain better performance at higher elevations because they can force more air into the combustion chamber.
Enhanced Towing Capability
Supercharging can improve a vehicle’s towing capacity. The extra power generated by the supercharger helps in hauling heavier loads.
Immediate Power Delivery
Unlike turbochargers, which may have some lag before boosting power, superchargers typically provide immediate power delivery. This can be advantageous in situations where quick acceleration is essential.
Smaller Engine Size with High Output
Supercharging allows for smaller engines to produce power levels typically associated with larger, naturally aspirated engines. This can contribute to better fuel efficiency without sacrificing performance.
Cooler Intake Air Temperatures
Many supercharger systems include an intercooler, which cools the incoming air before it enters the engine. Cooler air is denser, resulting in better combustion efficiency and power output.
Customization and Tuning
Supercharger systems are often designed to allow for tuning and adjustments. This flexibility enables enthusiasts to fine-tune the performance characteristics of the engine to suit their preferences.
Enhanced Engine Sound
The whining or whistling sound produced by a supercharger is often considered a desirable feature among automotive enthusiasts. It adds a distinctive auditory element to the driving experience.
Aftermarket Availability
Supercharger kits are widely available in the aftermarket for various makes and models. This accessibility allows car owners to upgrade their vehicles with supercharging technology.
Track Performance
Supercharging is popular among performance and track-oriented drivers. It can provide the extra power needed for competitive racing or track-day events.
Retain Naturally Aspirated Feel
Superchargers tend to maintain the linear power delivery associated with naturally aspirated engines, providing a smooth and predictable acceleration feel.
Finally
It is important to note that while supercharging a car engine offers numerous benefits, there are also considerations such as increased heat generation and potential impacts on fuel efficiency. Additionally, proper installation and tuning are crucial to achieving optimal performance and reliability.
